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Description
The OSPF configuration is performed only via CLI. A separate command shell with several modes is used to configure the OSPF protocol (Figure 1). The transition to each mode is performed using commands having the same name as the mode. A detailed description of the commands is available in the Technical documentation.
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From WANFleX command shell:
BS_1#1> netstat -r
From OSPF command shell:
OSPF> show route
From ARDA command shell:
ARDA> show route |
Network scheme with one OSPF area
In order to demonstrate how to configure the OSPF protocol and analyze the output of the diagnostic commands, let's take a look at the example in (Figure 2):
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Figure 2 - Network scheme with one OSPF area |
Pre-configuration
Description | Perform a preliminary configuration of the wireless devices, consisting of the following steps: - Configure device ID.
- Remove the svi1 interface.
- Assign IP addresses to network interfaces, according to the scheme.
- Add static entries to the routing table.
- Disable switching.
- Establish the wireless links.
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BS1 | Code Block |
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| Set the device ID
system prompt BS_1
Remove the svi1 interface
ifc svi1 destroy
Assign IP addresses
ifc eth0 10.10.10.1/24
ifc rf5.0 172.16.0.1/29
ifc lo0 192.168.0.1/32
Disable switching
switch stop
Establish wireless links
rf rf5.0 band 20
rf rf5.0 freq 5000
mint rf5.0 -name "BS_1"
mint rf5.0 -type master |
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CPE2 | Code Block |
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| Set the device ID
system prompt CPE_2
Remove the svi1 interface
ifc svi1 destroy
Assign IP addresses
ifc eth0 10.10.20.2/24
ifc rf5.0 172.16.0.2/29
ifc lo0 192.168.0.2/32
Disable switching
switch stop
Establish the wireless link
mint rf5.0 -name "CPE_2"
mint rf5.0 -type slave
mint rf5.0 prof 1 -band 20 -freq 5000 -type slave |
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CPE3 | Code Block |
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| Set the device ID
system prompt CPE_3
Remove the svi1 interface
ifc svi1 destroy
Assign IP addresses
ifc eth0 10.10.30.3/24
ifc rf5.0 172.16.0.3/29
ifc lo0 192.168.0.3/32
Add static routes
route add 192.168.5.0/28 10.10.30.1
route add 192.168.6.0/28 10.10.30.1
Disable switching
switch stop
Establish the wireless link
mint rf5.0 -name "CPE_3"
mint rf5.0 -type slave
mint rf5.0 prof 1 -band 20 -freq 5000 -type slave |
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OSPF configuration
Description | Configure the OSPF protocol according to the scheme. Step 1: start OSPF. Step 2: set the router IDs. The identifiers will be equal to the IP addresses assigned to the loopback interface. Step 3: define the interfaces where OSPF should be started. All the interfaces are connected to the backbone area according to the scheme. On the BS1 and CPE3 routers, set the networks assigned to the device's interfaces that should take part in OSPF. On the CPE2 router, set all the networks using only one entry 0.0.0.0/0. This entry includes all networks and enables the OSPF support on all router's interfaces; when a device's interface is connected to a new network, this network will be immediately announced via OSPF. This approach doesn't require additional OSPF configuration, but decreases the control over the announcements. In addition, this command advertises the address 127.0.0.1/32 assigned to the loopback interface and does not announce the address 192.168.0.2/32, therefore, this network must be additionally specified. Step 4: perform the redistribution of the directly connected networks to the BS1 router and of the static routes on the CPE3 router. Step 5: configure passive interfaces. The eth0 interface of CPE3 is connected to the outside router R1, so no neighboring relation should be established on this interface. Network 10.10.30.0/24 associated with the eth0 interface must be announced via OSPF, so the eth0 interface must be set as passive. |
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BS1 | Code Block |
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| Start OSPF
ospf start
Set the router-id
ospf
config
router
router-id 192.168.0.1
Start OSPF on the interfaces
ospf
config
router
network 172.16.0.0/29 area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.0.1/32 area 0.0.0.0
Connected routes redistribution
ospf
config
router
redistribute connected |
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CPE2 | Code Block |
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| Start OSPF
ospf start
Set the router-id
ospf
config
router
router-id 192.168.0.2
Start OSPF on the interfaces
ospf
config
router
network 0.0.0.0/0 area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.0.2/32 area 0.0.0.0 |
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CPE3 | Code Block |
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| Start OSPF
ospf start
Set the router-id
ospf
config
router
router-id 192.168.0.3
Start OSPF on the interfaces
ospf
config
router
network 10.10.30.0/24 area 0.0.0.0
network 172.16.0.0/29 area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.0.3/32 area 0.0.0.0
Static routes redistribution
ospf
config
router
redistribute kernel
Passive interface configuration
passive-interface eth0 |
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Command output analyzing
Neighbors list
Description | Analyze the neighbors. The routers are connected through the 172.16.0.0/29 network, which is a broadcast segment (using the MINT protocol), so: - CPE3 is elected as DR, its router-id being the highest.
- CPE2 is elected as BDR, its router-id being the highest after CPE3.
- BS1 is DROther.
- The routers have established Full relations.
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BS1 | Code Block |
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| OSPF> show neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface RXmtL RqstL DBsmL
192.168.0.2 1 Full/Backup 00:00:38 172.16.0.2 rf5.0:172.16.0.1 0 0 0
192.168.0.3 1 Full/DR 00:00:38 172.16.0.3 rf5.0:172.16.0.1 0 0 0 |
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CPE2 | Code Block |
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| OSPF> show neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface RXmtL RqstL DBsmL
192.168.0.1 1 Full/DROther 00:00:33 172.16.0.1 rf5.0:172.16.0.2 0 0 0
192.168.0.3 1 Full/DR 00:00:35 172.16.0.3 rf5.0:172.16.0.2 0 0 0 |
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CPE3 | Code Block |
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| OSPF> show neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface RXmtL RqstL DBsmL
192.168.0.1 1 Full/DROther 00:00:31 172.16.0.1 rf5.0:172.16.0.3 0 0 0
192.168.0.2 1 Full/Backup 00:00:37 172.16.0.2 rf5.0:172.16.0.3 0 0 0 |
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LSDB content
Description | Analyze the LSDB. Since the scheme contains one area, the LSDB output on all the routers will be identical: - LSA type 1 (Router Link States): LSDB contains three LSAs type 1, one from each of the area routers. Note that each LSA can contain a lot of information. For example, the LSA type 1 generated by CPE2 contains information about the neighbors, about the 172.16.0.0/29 and 10.10.20.0/24 networks and its own identifier.
- LSA type 2 (Net Link States): CPE3 as DR has generated one LSA type 2.
- LSA type 5 (AS External Link States): by default, one LSA type 5 is generated for each external route, therefore the LSDB contains three LSAs type 5, one for each external networks: the routes to the networks 192.168.5.0/28 and 192.168.6.0/28 were generated during the redistribution of the CPE3's static routes and the route to network 10.10 .10.0 / 24 is generated by BS1 during the redistribution as a directly connected network.
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BS1, CPE2, CPE3 | Code Block |
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| OSPF> show database
OSPF Router with ID (192.168.0.1)(192.168.0.1)
Router Link States (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Link count
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1 202 0x80000008 7442 2
192.168.0.2 192.168.0.2 201 0x80000008 7405 3
192.168.0.3 192.168.0.3 204 0x8000000a 7407 3
Net Link States (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Routers
172.16.0.3/29 192.168.0.3 204 0x80000006 7407 3
AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Route
10.10.10.0 192.168.0.1 122 0x80000007 7442 E2 10.10.10.0/24 [0x0]
192.168.5.0 192.168.0.3 169 0x80000007 7407 E2 192.168.5.0/28 [0x0]
192.168.6.0 192.168.0.3 299 0x80000007 7407 E2 192.168.6.0/28 [0x0] |
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Routing table
Description | The routing tables of the wireless devices, contain entries for each subnet shown in the scheme. This means that the devices have successfully exchanged the routing information and added it to the FIB. Note that the loopback interfaces' addresses do not depend on the link state, therefore they can be used to manage the devices in redundant networks. |
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BS1 | Code Block |
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| BS_1#1> netstat -r
Routing tables
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Interface
10.10.10.0/24 link#2 UC 0 0 eth0
10.10.20.0/24 172.16.0.2 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
10.10.30.0/24 172.16.0.3 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 3 141 lo0
172.16.0.0/29 link#3 UC 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0
192.168.0.2 172.16.0.2 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.3 172.16.0.3 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.5.0/28 172.16.0.3 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.6.0/28 172.16.0.3 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
224.0.0.0/8 127.0.0.1 UGS 1 1561 lo0 |
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CPE2 | Code Block |
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| AS_2#2> netstat -r
Routing tables
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Interface
10.10.10.0/24 172.16.0.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
10.10.20.0/24 link#2 UC 0 0 eth0
10.10.30.0/24 172.16.0.3 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 3 50 lo0
172.16.0.0/29 link#3 UC 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.1 172.16.0.1 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.2 192.168.0.2 UH 0 0 lo0
192.168.0.3 172.16.0.3 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.5.0/28 172.16.0.3 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.6.0/28 172.16.0.3 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
224.0.0.0/8 127.0.0.1 UGS 1 2037 lo0 |
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CPE3 | Code Block |
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| AS_3#1> netstat -r
Routing tables
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Interface
10.10.10.0/24 172.16.0.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
10.10.20.0/24 172.16.0.2 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
10.10.30.0/24 link#2 UC 0 0 eth0
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 3 155 lo0
172.16.0.0/29 link#3 UC 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.1 172.16.0.1 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.2 172.16.0.2 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.3 192.168.0.3 UH 0 0 lo0
192.168.5.0/28 10.10.30.1 UGS 0 0 eth0
192.168.6.0/28 10.10.30.1 UGS 0 0 eth0
224.0.0.0/8 127.0.0.1 UGS 1 1745 lo0 |
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Network scheme with several OSPF areas
Let's look at the example of a network scheme using several OSPF areas (Figure 3):
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Figure 3 - Network scheme with several OSPF areas |
Pre-configuration
Description | Perform a preliminary configuration of the wireless devices consisting of the following steps: - Configure the router ID.
- Remove the svi1 interface.
- Assign IP addresses to network interfaces, according to the scheme.
- Add static entries to the routing table.
- Disable switching.
- Establish the wireless links.
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BS1 | Code Block |
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| Set the device ID
system prompt BS_1
Remove the svi1 interface
ifc svi1 destroy
Assign IP addresses
ifc eth0 10.10.10.1/24
ifc rf5.0 172.16.0.1/30
ifc rf5.0 172.16.3.1/30
ifc rf5.0 172.16.4.1/30
ifc lo0 192.168.0.1/32
Disable switching
switch stop
Establish the radio link
rf rf5.0 band 20
rf rf5.0 freq 5000
mint rf5.0 -name "BS_1"
mint rf5.0 -type master |
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CPE2 | Code Block |
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| Set the device ID
system prompt CPE_2
Remove the svi1 interface
ifc svi1 destroy
Assign IP addresses
ifc eth0 10.10.20.2/24
ifc rf5.0 172.16.0.2/30
ifc lo0 192.168.0.2/32
Disable switching
switch stop
Establish the radio link
mint rf5.0 -name "CPE_2"
mint rf5.0 -type slave
mint rf5.0 prof 1 -band 20 -freq 5000 -type slave |
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CPE3 | Code Block |
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| Set the device ID
system prompt CPE_3
Remove the svi1 interface
ifc svi1 destroy
Assign IP addresses
ifc eth0 10.10.30.3/24
ifc rf5.0 172.16.3.2/30
ifc lo0 192.168.0.3/32
Add static routes
route add 192.168.5.0/28 10.10.30.1
route add 192.168.6.0/28 10.10.30.1
Disable switching
switch stop
Establish the radio link
mint rf5.0 -name "CPE_3"
mint rf5.0 -type slave
mint rf5.0 prof 1 -band 20 -freq 5000 -type slave |
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CPE4 | Code Block |
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| Set the device ID
system prompt CPE_4
Remove the svi1 interface
ifc svi1 destroy
Assign IP addresses
ifc eth0 10.10.40.4/24
ifc rf5.0 172.16.4.2/30
ifc lo0 192.168.0.4/32
Disable switching
switch stop
Establish the radio link
mint rf5.0 -name "CPE_4"
mint rf5.0 -type slave
mint rf5.0 prof 1 -band 20 -freq 5000 -type slave |
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OSPF configuration
Description | Let's configure the OSPF protocol according to the scheme. Step 1: start OSPF. Step 2: configure the router IDs. The identifiers will be equal to the IP addresses assigned to the loopback interface. Step 3: define the interfaces where OSPF should be started. All the interfaces are connected to the backbone area according to the scheme. Step 4: define the area types: area 3 - NSSA, area 4 - Stub. Note that the area type must be configured on all the routers connected to that area, otherwise they will not establish neighboring relations. Step 5: perform the redistribution of the directly connected networks on the BS1 router and pf the static routes on the CPE3 router. Step 6: configure passive interfaces. |
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BS1 | Code Block |
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| Start OSPF
ospf start
Set the router-id
ospf
config
router
router-id 192.168.0.1
Start OSPF on the interfaces
ospf
config
router
network 172.16.0.0/30 area 0.0.0.0
network 172.16.3.0/30 area 0.0.0.3
network 172.16.4.0/30 area 0.0.0.4
network 192.168.0.1/32 area 0.0.0.0
Set the area types
ospf
config
router
area 0.0.0.3 nssa
area 0.0.0.4 stub
Redistribute the connected routes
ospf
config
router
redistribute connected |
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CPE2 | Code Block |
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| Start OSPF
ospf start
Set the router-id
ospf
config
router
router-id 192.168.0.2
Start OSPF on the interfaces
ospf
config
router
network 10.10.20.0/24 area 0.0.0.0
network 172.16.0.0/30 area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.0.2/32 area 0.0.0.0 |
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CPE3 | Code Block |
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| Start OSPF
ospf start
Set the router-id
ospf
config
router
router-id 192.168.0.3
Start OSPF on the interfaces
ospf
config
router
network 10.10.30.0/24 area 0.0.0.3
network 172.16.3.0/30 area 0.0.0.3
network 192.168.0.3/32 area 0.0.0.3
Set the area types
ospf
config
router
area 0.0.0.3 nssa
Redistribute the static routes
ospf
config
router
redistribute kernel
Set the passive interfaces
passive-interface eth0 |
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CPE4 | Code Block |
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| Start OSPF
ospf start
Set the router-id
ospf
config
router
router-id 192.168.0.4
Start OSPF on the interfaces
ospf
config
router
network 10.10.40.0/24 area 0.0.0.4
network 172.16.4.0/30 area 0.0.0.4
network 192.168.0.4/32 area 0.0.0.4
Set the area types
ospf
config
router
area 0.0.0.4 stub
Redistribute the static routes
ospf
config
router
redistribute kernel |
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Command output analysis
Neighbors list
Description | Let's analyze the neighbors list. The routers are connected by the MINT network, but each wireless connection has its own subnet. Routers CPE2, CPE3 and CPE4 have established a neighboring relation only with BS1, which means that a neighboring relation can be established only within one area. Routers CPE2, CPE3 and CPE4 are selected as DR, BS1 - BDR, as BS1's router ID is the lowest. |
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BS1 | Code Block |
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| OSPF> show neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface RXmtL RqstL DBsmL
192.168.0.2 1 Full/DR 00:00:32 172.16.0.2 rf5.0:172.16.0.1 0 0 0
192.168.0.3 1 Full/DR 00:00:34 172.16.3.2 rf5.0:172.16.3.1 0 0 0
192.168.0.4 1 Full/DR 00:00:32 172.16.4.2 rf5.0:172.16.4.1 0 0 0 |
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CPE2 | Code Block |
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| OSPF> show neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface RXmtL RqstL DBsmL
192.168.0.1 1 Full/Backup 00:00:32 172.16.0.1 rf5.0:172.16.0.2 0 0 0 |
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CPE3 | Code Block |
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| OSPF> show neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface RXmtL RqstL DBsmL
192.168.0.1 1 Full/Backup 00:00:31 172.16.3.1 rf5.0:172.16.3.2 0 0 0 |
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CPE4 | Code Block |
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| OSPF> show neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface RXmtL RqstL DBsmL
192.168.0.1 1 Full/Backup 00:00:37 172.16.4.1 rf5.0:172.16.4.2 0 0 0 |
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LSDB content
Description | Let's analyze the LSDB. Unlike in the case of the scheme with one area, in this example the LSA set for each area will be different. Area 0: - LSA type 1 (Router Link States): The LSDB contains two LSAs type 1, from each area router.
- LSA type 2 (Net Link States): CPE2 as DR, has generated one LSA type 2.
- LSA type 3 (Summary Link States): the LSDB contains 6 LSAs type 3 about the networks in different areas.
- LSA type 4 (ASBR-Summary Link States): CPE3 is ASBR and it is located in area 3, so it redistributes the static routes. BS1 generates an LSA type 4 for area 0 with information about the location of the ASBR (CPE3).
- LSA type 5 (AS External Link States): By default, one LSA type 5 is generated for each external route, therefore the LSDB contains three LSAs type 5 containing the routes to the external networks: the routes to the networks 192.168.5.0/28 and 192.168.6.0/28 were generated during the redistribution of CPE3's static routes, the route to network 10.10.10.0/24 is generated by BS1 during the redistribution as a directly connected network. Since area 3 is an NSSA, LSAs type 5 about the networks 192.168.5.0/28 and 192.168.6.0/28 for area 0 are generated by the BS1 to replace the LSA type 7 from CPE3.
Area 3: - LSA type 1 (Router Link States): The LSDB contains two LSAs type 1, from each area router.
- LSA type 2 (Net Link States): CPE3 as DR generates one LSA type 2.
- LSA type 3 (Summary Link States): the LSDB contains 7 LSAs type 3 about the networks in different areas, similar to area 0. The difference is in the LSA with a default route generated by BS1 for area 3.
- LSA type 5 (AS External Link States): the CPE3 router generates 2 LSAs type 5 with information about the static routes redistribution. The presence of these LSAs in the LSDB is formal, since CPE3 converts them to LSA type 7 and forwards them to the neighbors.
- LSA type 7 (NSSA-external Link States): the external routes are transmitted using LSA type 7 in NSSA type areas, so the LSDB includes three LSAs of this type.
Area 4: - LSA type 1 (Router Link States): The LSDB contains two LSAs type 1, one from each area router.
- LSA type 2 (Net Link States): CPE4 as DR generates one LSA type 2.
- LSA type 3 (Summary Link States): the LSDB contains 7 LSAs type 3 about the networks in different areas and one LSA type 3, with a default route. Stub areas do not support the distribution of the routes to the external networks, which are replaced by the default route distribution in LSA type 3.
Note: routers CPE2, CPE3 and CPE4 use only LSAs generated for areas 0, 3, and 4. BS1's LSDB includes LSAs for all areas, since BS1 is ABR and it is set at the border of three areas. |
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BS1 | Code Block |
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| OSPF> show database
OSPF Router with ID (192.168.0.1)(192.168.0.1)
Router Link States (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Link count
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1 235 0x80000003 246 2
192.168.0.2 192.168.0.2 232 0x80000005 243 3
Net Link States (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Routers
172.16.0.2/30 192.168.0.2 244 0x80000001 243 2
Summary Link States (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Route
10.10.30.0 192.168.0.1 237 0x80000001 237 10.10.30.0/24
10.10.40.0 192.168.0.1 237 0x80000001 237 10.10.40.0/24
172.16.3.0 192.168.0.1 245 0x80000001 245 172.16.3.0/30
172.16.4.0 192.168.0.1 245 0x80000001 245 172.16.4.0/30
192.168.0.3 192.168.0.1 237 0x80000001 237 192.168.0.3/32
192.168.0.4 192.168.0.1 237 0x80000001 237 192.168.0.4/32
ASBR-Summary Link States (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age
192.168.0.3 192.168.0.1 237 0x80000001 237
Router Link States (Area 0.0.0.3 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Link count
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1 236 0x80000003 246 1
192.168.0.3 192.168.0.3 224 0x80000005 243 3
Net Link States (Area 0.0.0.3 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Routers
172.16.3.2/30 192.168.0.3 244 0x80000001 243 2
Summary Link States (Area 0.0.0.3 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Route
0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 245 0x80000001 245 0.0.0.0/0
10.10.20.0 192.168.0.1 237 0x80000001 237 10.10.20.0/24
10.10.40.0 192.168.0.1 237 0x80000001 237 10.10.40.0/24
172.16.0.0 192.168.0.1 245 0x80000001 245 172.16.0.0/30
172.16.4.0 192.168.0.1 245 0x80000001 245 172.16.4.0/30
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1 240 0x80000001 240 192.168.0.1/32
192.168.0.2 192.168.0.1 237 0x80000001 237 192.168.0.2/32
192.168.0.4 192.168.0.1 237 0x80000001 237 192.168.0.4/32
NSSA-external Link States (Area 0.0.0.3 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Route
10.10.10.0 192.168.0.1 243 0x80000004 246 E2 10.10.10.0/24 [0x0]
192.168.5.0 192.168.0.3 244 0x80000002 243 E2 192.168.5.0/28 [0x0]
192.168.6.0 192.168.0.3 244 0x80000002 243 E2 192.168.6.0/28 [0x0]
Router Link States (Area 0.0.0.4 [Stub])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Link count
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1 231 0x80000003 246 1
192.168.0.4 192.168.0.4 215 0x80000005 243 3
Net Link States (Area 0.0.0.4 [Stub])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Routers
172.16.4.2/30 192.168.0.4 244 0x80000001 243 2
Summary Link States (Area 0.0.0.4 [Stub])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Route
0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 245 0x80000001 245 0.0.0.0/0
10.10.20.0 192.168.0.1 237 0x80000001 237 10.10.20.0/24
10.10.30.0 192.168.0.1 237 0x80000001 237 10.10.30.0/24
172.16.0.0 192.168.0.1 245 0x80000001 245 172.16.0.0/30
172.16.3.0 192.168.0.1 245 0x80000001 245 172.16.3.0/30
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1 240 0x80000001 240 192.168.0.1/32
192.168.0.2 192.168.0.1 237 0x80000001 237 192.168.0.2/32
192.168.0.3 192.168.0.1 237 0x80000001 237 192.168.0.3/32
AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Route
10.10.10.0 192.168.0.1 243 0x80000004 246 E2 10.10.10.0/24 [0x0]
192.168.5.0 192.168.0.1 207 0x80000002 239 E2 192.168.5.0/28 [0x0]
192.168.6.0 192.168.0.1 207 0x80000002 239 E2 192.168.6.0/28 [0x0] |
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CPE2 | Code Block |
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| OSPF> show database
OSPF Router with ID (192.168.0.2)(192.168.0.2)
Router Link States (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Link count
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1 61 0x80000003 68 2
192.168.0.2 192.168.0.2 56 0x80000005 96 3
Net Link States (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Routers
172.16.0.2/30 192.168.0.2 68 0x80000001 68 2
Summary Link States (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Route
10.10.30.0 192.168.0.1 63 0x80000001 62 10.10.30.0/24
10.10.40.0 192.168.0.1 63 0x80000001 62 10.10.40.0/24
172.16.3.0 192.168.0.1 71 0x80000001 68 172.16.3.0/30
172.16.4.0 192.168.0.1 71 0x80000001 68 172.16.4.0/30
192.168.0.3 192.168.0.1 63 0x80000001 62 192.168.0.3/32
192.168.0.4 192.168.0.1 63 0x80000001 62 192.168.0.4/32
ASBR-Summary Link States (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age
192.168.0.3 192.168.0.1 63 0x80000001 62
AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Route
10.10.10.0 192.168.0.1 69 0x80000004 68 E2 10.10.10.0/24 [0x0]
192.168.5.0 192.168.0.1 65 0x80000002 64 E2 192.168.5.0/28 [0x0]
192.168.6.0 192.168.0.1 65 0x80000002 64 E2 192.168.6.0/28 [0x0] |
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CPE3 | Code Block |
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| OSPF> show database
OSPF Router with ID (192.168.0.3)(192.168.0.3)
Router Link States (Area 0.0.0.3 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Link count
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1 157 0x80000003 163 1
192.168.0.3 192.168.0.3 142 0x80000005 182 3
Net Link States (Area 0.0.0.3 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Routers
172.16.3.2/30 192.168.0.3 163 0x80000001 163 2
Summary Link States (Area 0.0.0.3 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Route
0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 166 0x80000001 163 0.0.0.0/0
10.10.20.0 192.168.0.1 158 0x80000001 157 10.10.20.0/24
10.10.40.0 192.168.0.1 158 0x80000001 157 10.10.40.0/24
172.16.0.0 192.168.0.1 166 0x80000001 163 172.16.0.0/30
172.16.4.0 192.168.0.1 166 0x80000001 163 172.16.4.0/30
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1 161 0x80000001 160 192.168.0.1/32
192.168.0.2 192.168.0.1 158 0x80000001 157 192.168.0.2/32
192.168.0.4 192.168.0.1 158 0x80000001 157 192.168.0.4/32
NSSA-external Link States (Area 0.0.0.3 [NSSA])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Route
10.10.10.0 192.168.0.1 164 0x80000004 163 E2 10.10.10.0/24 [0x0]
192.168.5.0 192.168.0.3 163 0x80000002 182 E2 192.168.5.0/28 [0x0]
192.168.6.0 192.168.0.3 163 0x80000002 182 E2 192.168.6.0/28 [0x0]
AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Route
192.168.5.0 192.168.0.3 163 0x80000002 182 E2 192.168.5.0/28 [0x0]
192.168.6.0 192.168.0.3 163 0x80000002 182 E2 192.168.6.0/28 [0x0] |
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CPE4 | Code Block |
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| OSPF> show database
OSPF Router with ID (192.168.0.4)(192.168.0.4)
Router Link States (Area 0.0.0.4 [Stub])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Link count
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1 194 0x80000003 205 1
192.168.0.4 192.168.0.4 176 0x80000005 216 3
Net Link States (Area 0.0.0.4 [Stub])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Routers
172.16.4.2/30 192.168.0.4 205 0x80000001 205 2
Summary Link States (Area 0.0.0.4 [Stub])
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# LS-Age Route
0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 208 0x80000001 205 0.0.0.0/0
10.10.20.0 192.168.0.1 200 0x80000001 199 10.10.20.0/24
10.10.30.0 192.168.0.1 200 0x80000001 199 10.10.30.0/24
172.16.0.0 192.168.0.1 208 0x80000001 205 172.16.0.0/30
172.16.3.0 192.168.0.1 208 0x80000001 205 172.16.3.0/30
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1 203 0x80000001 202 192.168.0.1/32
192.168.0.2 192.168.0.1 200 0x80000001 199 192.168.0.2/32
192.168.0.3 192.168.0.1 200 0x80000001 199 192.168.0.3/32 |
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Routing table
Description | The routing tables of the wireless devices, contain entries about each subnet shown in the scheme. This means that the devices have successfully exchanged the routing information and added it to the FIB. The main difference between the routing tables of the devices are the routes to the external networks: on some routers there is a direct route to the network, and on others a default route. Note: the addresses of the loopback interfaces do not depend on the link state, therefore they can be used to manage the devices in redundant networks. |
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BS1 | Code Block |
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| BS_1#1> netstat -r
Routing tables
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Interface
10.10.10.0/24 link#2 UC 0 0 eth0
10.10.20.0/24 172.16.0.2 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
10.10.30.0/24 172.16.3.2 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
10.10.40.0/24 172.16.4.2 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 3 465 lo0
172.16.0.0/30 link#3 UC 0 0 rf5.0
172.16.3.0/30 link#3 UC 0 0 rf5.0
172.16.4.0/30 link#3 UC 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0
192.168.0.2 172.16.0.2 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.3 172.16.3.2 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.4 172.16.4.2 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.5.0/28 172.16.3.2 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.6.0/28 172.16.3.2 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
224.0.0.0/8 127.0.0.1 UGS 1 11852 lo0 |
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CPE2 | Code Block |
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| AS_2#2> netstat -r
Routing tables
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Interface
10.10.10.0/24 172.16.0.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
10.10.20.0/24 link#2 UC 0 0 eth0
10.10.30.0/24 172.16.0.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
10.10.40.0/24 172.16.0.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 3 396 lo0
172.16.0.0/30 link#3 UC 0 0 rf5.0
172.16.3.0/30 172.16.0.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
172.16.4.0/30 172.16.0.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.1 172.16.0.1 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.2 192.168.0.2 UH 0 0 lo0
192.168.0.3 172.16.0.1 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.4 172.16.0.1 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.5.0/28 172.16.0.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.6.0/28 172.16.0.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
224.0.0.0/8 127.0.0.1 UGS 1 15881 lo0 |
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CPE3 | Code Block |
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| AS_3#1> netstat -r
Routing tables
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Interface
default 172.16.3.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
10.10.10.0/24 172.16.3.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
10.10.20.0/24 172.16.3.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
10.10.30.0/24 link#2 UC 0 0 eth0
10.10.40.0/24 172.16.3.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 3 534 lo0
172.16.0.0/30 172.16.3.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
172.16.3.0/30 link#3 UC 0 0 rf5.0
172.16.4.0/30 172.16.3.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.1 172.16.3.1 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.2 172.16.3.1 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.3 192.168.0.3 UH 0 0 lo0
192.168.0.4 172.16.3.1 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.5.0/28 10.10.30.1 UGS 0 0 eth0
192.168.6.0/28 10.10.30.1 UGS 0 0 eth0
224.0.0.0/8 127.0.0.1 UGS 1 9339 lo0 |
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CPE4 | Code Block |
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| AS_4#1> netstat -r
Routing tables
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Interface
default 172.16.4.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
10.10.20.0/24 172.16.4.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
10.10.30.0/24 172.16.4.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
10.10.40.0/24 link#2 UC 0 0 eth0
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 3 271 lo0
172.16.0.0/30 172.16.4.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
172.16.3.0/30 172.16.4.1 UG3 0 0 rf5.0
172.16.4.0/30 link#3 UC 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.1 172.16.4.1 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.2 172.16.4.1 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.3 172.16.4.1 UGH3 0 0 rf5.0
192.168.0.4 192.168.0.4 UH 0 0 lo0
224.0.0.0/8 127.0.0.1 UGS 1 3138 lo0 |
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Additional materials
Webinars
- Typical scenario of routing setting using Infinet Wireless devices. Part II
Other
- Ifconfig command (interfaces configuration)
- ARDA (Aqua Router Daemon)
- OSPF command
- netstat command